Course of Tuberculosis

? Is it true that at one stage, tuberculosis or TB usually stops? How can you say that this affliction is classified as minimal or advanced?

It is generally believed that the course of the disease is as follows: Initial contact with the disease, whether this occurs in infancy, childhood or later in life, results in a lesion of the lung which is microscopic in size and usually produces no signs or symptoms whereby it may be diagnosed clinically. This primary tuberculosis focus is usually located near the pleura in the lower lobe or lower part of the upper lobe. From it, infection spreads by the lymphatics to the adjacent regional bronchopulmonary nodes. The primary focus of Gaseous pneumonia in the lung is called the Ghon tubercle, which usually heals by fibroids and calcification and can be demonstrated on x-ray films. Together with the regional adenitis (inflammation of a gland or glands) this constitutes the so-called primary complex.
This primary infection takes from four to six weeks to develop after the initial contact. This is the incubation period. The early infection is of no significance, clinically, at the time, but is of importance in that it sensitizes the body tissues to the tuberculoprotein as evidenced by a positive tuberculin reaction, so that a state of allergy or hypersensitiveness to the products of the bacteria exists. A positive tuberculin reaction does not necessarily mean active tuberculosis but simply that the individual has come in contact with the disease.
Usually the disease stops at this stage. However, in a relatively small number of individuals it may progress through liberation of living tubercle bacilli out of the primary focus or glands draining there from in the patient's own body (endogenous reinfection). This type of infection is fortunately rare and occurs mostly in infants and young children, giving rise to the serious miliary (like a millet seed in size) tuberculosis, tuberculous meningitis or tuberculous pneumonia.
A more common type is caused by infection outside the body through inhalation of living tabercle bacilli. This is the so-called adult. type of tuberculosis, with the lesion being located in the subapical region of the lung. (Subapical means near or beneath the apex). Progression from this may occur by caseation (cheeselike formation) and cavitation with the discharge or the cavity contents into a bronchus, whence, by inhalation, it spreads into the alveoli, either adjacent or distant. Thus both lungs may be involved.
According to the extent of lung- involvement, the disease is classified as minimal, moderately advanced, or advanced.
Definition of Medical Terms: Ex-anthem (Plural, exanthema), any eruption of the skin, accompanied by inflammation, e.g., measles, scarlatina, erysiplelas.
Exfoliation, the scaling off of dead tissues.


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25 Ways to Live Longer

Most of us want to live longer, right? We want to achieve so many things. How can we do that if our health is failing. So here is a list of 25 ways to live longer.

In 1991, guys started using condoms. Sunscreen followed in '95. Their policy on life-threatening diseases: maximum protection.
So what are men doing to protect their hearts? Most leave that job up to their rib cage. After all, their hearts feel fine. And, really, it's out of their hands. Or is it?
In a few words: No. Half of men in industrialized countries are laying down plaque for that special day when they keel over.
So this series is for you guys. Compiled from thousands of scientific studies is the most important advice you'll ever receive: 25 tips, tricks, and techniques that will protect you from the number-one killer of men (and their wives). Make them part of your life.
1. Grill a steak. You may think it's bad for your heart, but you're wrong. Beef contains immunity-boosting selenium as well as homocysteine-lowering B vitamins. And up to 50 percent of the fat is the heart-healthy monounsaturated variety.
2. Watch a scary movie. Anything that causes your heart to race—slasher flicks, a good book, even being in love—also makes your heart stronger, according to researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Upsetting the rhythm once in a while is like hitting your heart's reset button, which helps it keep on ticking.
3. Run indoors on hazy days. Researchers found that exercising outside on hot, hazy days when air pollution is at its worst can cut the supply of oxygen in the blood, making it more likely to clot.
4. Te11 your spouse to smoke outside. Or you may leave her—in a hearse. Researchers in Greece found that individuals who were exposed to cigarette smoke for just 30 minutes three times a week had a 26 percent greater risk of developing heart disease than people who rarely encountered secondhand smoke.
5. Dive in the pool. U.K. researchers found that men who burn just 50 calories a day in strenuous activities like swimming and hiking are 62 percent less likely to die of heart disease than men who burn nearly seven times as many calories-340 per day—during less active pursuits like walking and golfing.
6. Fight cholesterol with fat. A group of 17 Australian men with high cholesterol swapped macadamia nuts for 15 percent of the calories in their diets, and their total cholesterol dropped by between 3 and 5 percent, while their HDL (good) cholesterol rose by nearly 8 percent. The reason: Macadamias are the best natural source of monounsaturated fat.
7. Bike away the blues. Men who are suffering from depression are more than twice as likely to develop heart disease as guys who aren't depressed. So c'mon, get happy. In a trial of 150 men and women, Duke researchers found that after just three months of treatment, antidepressants and exercise were equally effective at relieving almost all symptoms of depression.
8. Meditate 20 minutes a day. According to Thomas Jefferson University researchers, this daily downtime may reduce your anxiety and depression by more than 25 percent. And that's important, since a University of Florida study found that patients with coronary artery disease who had the most mental stress were three times more likely to die during the period of the study than those with the least stress.
9. Buy a punching bag. A Harvard study found that men who express their anger have half the risk of heart disease compared with men who internalize it.
10. Take aspirin. Researchers at the University of North Carolina found that regular aspirin consumption cut the risk of coronary heart disease by 28 percent in people who had never had a heart attack or stroke, but were at heightened risk. For maximum impact on your blood pressure, take a low dose just before bed.
11. Drink cranberry juice. University of Scranton scientists found that volunteers who drank three 8-ounce glasses a day for a month increased their HDL-cholesterol levels by 10 percent, enough to cut heart-disease risk by almost 40 percent. Buy 100 percent juice that's at least 27 percent cranberry.
12. Rise and dine. In a study of 3,900 people, Harvard researchers found that men who ate breakfast every day were 44 percent less likely to be overweight and 41 percent less likely to develop insulin resistance, both risk factors for heart disease.
13. Fortify with folic acid. A study published in the British Medical Journal found that people who consume the recommended amount each day have a 16 percent lower risk of heart disease than those whose diets are lacking in this B vitamin. Good sources of folic acid: asparagus, broccoli, and fortified cereal.
14. Take the stairs. People who walked an extra 4,000 to 5,000 steps each day lowered their blood pressure by an average of 11 points, according to a small study at the University of Tennessee.
15. Order a chef's salad. Leafy greens and egg yolks are both good sources of lutein, a phytochemical that carries heart-disease-fighting antioxidants to your cells and tissues.
16. Refill the bowl. A study reports that two servings of wholegrain cereal a day can reduce a man's risk of dying of heart disease by nearly 20 percent.
17. Drink more tea. An American Heart Association study found that men who drank 2 cups of tea a day were 25 percent less likely to die of heart disease than guys who rarely touched the stuff. The reason: flavonoids in the tea, which not only improve blood vessels' ability to relax, but also thin the blood, reducing clotting.
18. Measure BP after exercise. Ask your doctor to measure your blood pressure after a cardiac stress test. "The numbers will be higher, but studies show they'll also be a better indicator of your overall health," says Kerry Stewart, M.D., of Johns Hopkins University.
19. Decaffeinate. Drinks that contain caffeine increase blood pressure by nearly four points, on top of speeding up your heart rate by an average of two beats per minute. It's enough to push a borderline heart problem into the danger zone.
20. Join a group. Any group. According to research from the University of Chicago, lonely people have a harder time dealing with stress and are at greater risk of heart disease than people with a wide circle of friends.
21. Choose dark chocolate. Cocoa contains flavonoids that thin the blood and keep it from clotting (like it does just before you clutch your chest and expire). And at least a third of the fat in chocolate is oleic acid, which is the same healthy, monounsaturated fat found in olive oil. Dove dark chocolate bars retain as many flavonoids as possible.
22. Forego the salt. A 20-year study in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that overweight men with the highest sodium intakes were 61 percent more likely to die of heart disease than those with lower intakes.
23. Have a drink every other day. A Boston study of 38,000 men found that men who drink alcohol three or four times a week have a 32 percent lower risk of heart attack than men who drink less than once a week. Moderate amounts of alcohol raise HDL cholesterol levels and keep the blood thin, reducing the threat of artery-clogging clots. Drinking more frequently is fine (up to the limit at which your friends—or your liver—gather and confront you), but won't provide additional heart protection, the study's authors report.
24. Touch her. Ten minutes of skin-to-skin contact (hand-holding, hugs) with your mate can help keep your blood pressure and pulse from spiking during stressful times, according to University of North Carolina researchers.
25. Double the tomato sauce. The lycopene in tomatoes prevents the harmful buildup of cholesterol on artery walls. So double up the sauce on your pizza and pasta.




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36 Godly Ways to Reduce Stress

Stress is everywhere. You cannot avoid it. But you can control your body on how to respond to it. Here are 36 godly ways to reduce stress.

1. Pray
2. Go to bed on time.
3. Get up on time so you can start the day unrushed.
4. Say No to projects that won't fit into your time schedule or that will compromise your mental health.
5. Delegate tasks to capable others.
6. Simplify and unclutter your life.
7. Less is more. (Although one is often not enough, two are often too many.)
8. Allow extra time to do things and to get to places.
9. Pace yourself. Spread out big changes and difficult projects over time; don't lump the hard things all together.
10. Take one day at a time.
11. Separate worries from concerns. If a situation is a concern, find out what God would have you to do and let go of the anxiety. If you can't do anything about a situation, forget it.
12. Live within your budget; don't use credit cards for ordinary purchases.
13. Have backups: an extra car key in your wallet, an extra house key buried in the garden, extra stamps, etc.
14. K.M.S. (Keep Mouth Shut). This single piece of advice can prevent an enormous amount of trouble.
15. Do something for the Child in You everyday.
16. Carry a book of scriptures with you to read while waiting in line.
17. Get enough exercise.
18. Eat right.
19. Get organized so everything has its place.
20. Listen to a tape while driving that can help improve your quality of life.
21. Write thoughts and inspirations down.
22. Every day, find time to be alone.
23. Having problems? Talk to God on the spot. Try to nip small problems in the bud. Don't wait until it's time to go to bed to pray.
24. Make friends with Godly people.
25. Keep a folder of favorite scriptures on hand.
26. Remember that the shortest bridge between despair and hope is often a good "Thank you, Lord!"
27. Laugh.
28. Laugh some more!
29. Take your work seriously, but yourself not at all.
30. Develop a forgiving attitude (most people are doing the best they can).
31. Be kind to unkind people (they probably need it the most).
34. Slow down.
35. Remind yourself that you the general manager of the universe.
36. Every night before bed, think of one thing you're grateful for that you've never been grateful for
God has a way of turning around for you.
"If God is for us, who can be against us?" (Romans 8:31) (When God is for us, it doesn't matter who is against us.)


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15 Ways to Prevent Heart Disease

For all you guys out there who might be prone to heart disease, here are 15 ways to prevent heart disease.

1. Get your daily B vitamins. A study at the Cleveland Clinic found that men with diets low in B vitamins were more than twice as likely to develop heart disease as men with higher levels in their systems.
2. Go fishing for tuna. Omega-3 fats in tuna help strengthen heart muscle, lower blood pressure, and prevent clotting—as well as reduce levels of potentially deadly inflammation in the body. Plus, tuna's high in protein. Research shows that consuming more protein may lower a man's risk of heart disease by nearly 26 percent.
3. Add ground flaxseed to your food. It's a natural source of omega-3s, for men who don't like fish.
4. Fartlek! "Losing as little as 5 to 10 percent of your body weight will reduce your visceral-fat stores by 25 to 40 percent," says Jean-Pierre Despres, a professor of Human Nutrition at Laval University in Quebec City. A study in Medicine 'and Science in Sports and Exercise found that doing fartlek alternating speeds throughout your run—helps you lose weight faster than moving at a steady pace.
5. Take up rowing. A study in the European Journal of Applied Physiology found that, compared with running, rowing uses more muscle and causes your heart to pump more blood through the body, resulting in greater overall gains in cardiovascular fitness.
6. Schedule a flu shot. A New England Journal of Medicine study found that people who'd been vaccinated against the flu were also 19 percent less likely to be hospitalized for heart disease than people who hadn't gotten the shot.
7. Be a sponge. Loma Linda University researchers found that drinking five or more 8-ounce glasses of water a day could help lower your risk of heart disease by up to 60 percent—exactly the same drop you get from stopping smoking, lowering your LDL (bad) cholesterol numbers, exercising, or losing a little weight.
8. Eat grapefruit. One a day can reduce arterial narrowing by 46 percent, lower your bad-cholesterol
level by more than 10 percent, and help drop your blood pressure by more than 5 points.
9. Order garlic bread. In addition to lowering cholesterol and helping to fight off infection, eating garlic may help limit damage to your heart after a heart attack or heart surgery. Researchers in India found that animals that were fed garlic regularly had more heart-protecting antioxidants in their blood than animals that weren't.
10. Top your toast. Blueberry jam is a good source of quercetin—an antioxidant that Finnish researchers believe may improve heart health by preventing the buildup of the free radicals that can damage arterial walls and allow plaque to penetrate.
11. Scramble an egg. They're relatively low in saturated fat, and they're packed with betaine, a compound that helps lower homocysteine levels in the blood by as much as 75 percent. Eggs are one of the few good food sources of betaine.
12. Take chromium. According to new research from Harvard, men with low levels of chromium in their systems are significantly more likely to develop heart problems. You need between 200 and 400 micrograms of chromium per day—more than you're likely to get from your regular diet. "Look for a supplement labeled chromium picolinate—it's the most easily absorbed by the body," says Gary Evans, Ph.D., a chromium expert.
13. Do more crunches. A study of 8,000 Canadians found that individuals who could do the most sit-ups in one minute were also the least likely to die over a period of 13 years. The reason? Strong abs equal more muscle and less belly fat, and the less abdominal fat you have, the lower your risk of heart disease becomes.
14. Don't double dip. Heart patients who took ibuprofen along with their aspirin had a nearly 75 percent higher risk of premature death than those taking only aspirin, according to a study, conducted in Scotland, of more than 7,000 participants.
15. Pair up. Married men are less likely to die of heart disease than bachelors. Toronto-based researchers studied 100 men and women with mild high blood pressure and found that after three years of marriage, the happily married men had healthier hearts than their unmarried brothers. Just choose your bride wisely, or your heart will be broken and sick.


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